US Signs 30-Year Civilian Nuclear Deal with Saudi Arabia

The United States signed a 30-year nuclear cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia that would permit the kingdom to enrich its own uranium, a capability nonproliferation experts warn could open a path to nuclear weapons. The deal requires Congressional review under the Atomic Energy Act and represents a major shift in US nuclear export policy in the Gulf region.

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This agreement structurally opens a new Gulf market for US civilian nuclear technology exporters and uranium enrichment services, with Saudi Arabia becoming a potential long-term customer for reactors, fuel, and associated infrastructure. The enrichment provision is the most consequential element, as it may force rival enrichment-capable states to reconsider their own programs, reshaping regional nuclear supply chains. US reactor vendors and uranium enrichers are direct beneficiaries, while non-US suppliers face a US-anchored competitive framework. The 30-year duration locks in supply relationships across the full nuclear fuel cycle. If Congress ratifies, it sets a precedent for similar deals with other Gulf states, potentially expanding the addressable market for US nuclear exports significantly.